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United States v. Hatter
''United States v. Hatter'', , was a United States Supreme Court case decided in 2001. The case concerned an alleged violation of the Compensation Clause of the United States Constitution when Congress extended Medicare and Social Security taxes to federal judge salaries. Additionally, the case dealt with whether a later increase of federal judge salaries, greater than the new taxes, remedied the potential violation.
==Background==
The Compensation Clause to the United States Constitution was written to help protect federal judges from external political pressures. There was a concern in the early United States that without such independence, the judiciary could become "dependent on" the other branches, which could skew their rulings. The question in ''Hatter'' involved this principle and other taxes Congress applied to the judiciary.
Congress extended Medicare to federal employees in 1982, including the taxes that were carried with it. Additionally, Congress required federal judges to pay into Social Security.〔 A group of judges filed suit against both taxes, alleging a violation of the Compensation Clause of the Constitution. The Court of Federal Claims found that the judges' Medicare claims were "time barred" and that a later salary increase "cured" the Social Security tax increase violation.〔 The group of judges appealed to the Supreme Court, who agreed to review the decision.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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